风水与建筑

引 言
风水学说是我国古代关于建筑环境规划和设计的一门学问。其历史悠久，渊源流长，在民间广
为流行。在长达几千载的发展过程中，这逐渐形成了完整的理论体系和各种流派，对中国古代
建筑，尤其是对坟墓和住宅建筑影响深远。
随着改革开放的步伐和对传统文化的挖掘和整理，被封闭多年的风水禁地近年开始解冻。一方
面，不少学者已有相当的研究成果公诸于世，这对推动探索风水的本质，揭开风水的神秘面纱
，以及对古代建筑理论的探求和古代建筑环境规划的认识、借鉴，并对古城镇、古建筑的保护
和利用，均起到了良好的作用，这是令人欣慰的；另一方面，在民间风水之说又开始渐渐流行
，并进入人们的日常生活之中。然而，风水学说内容驳杂，鱼龙混淆，本身具有科学和迷信的
二重性，这不仅使一些研究者面着重其进步、有价值的一面，过于强调风水的价值，忽略极其
有害的封建迷信的另一方面，而使研究误入歧途。
对于风水学说如何评价，如何批判地继承，需要严谨而深入地研究，对此我们必须保持清醒的
头脑。本书力求本着事实求是的态度，深入而系统地探讨风水的起源、发展和理论方法，并以
大量实例阐释它与中国古代建筑的密切关系，通过挖掘其历史文化背景和哲学思想根源，以及
某些具体方法，试图从科学的角度来评判它的功过是非，以有助于人们去全面正确地认识它。 同时，由于古代科学知识水平所限，使原本具有科学价值的东西，蒙上了传统文化如阴阳五行
、八卦理气等属语名词、哲理观念等扑溯迷离的外衣。本书通过古今建筑对比，结合现代建筑
科学理论，对挖掘风水中的科学成份进行了种种探索，力求给人们一个关于风水建筑的全面观
，以达到古今用之目的。这也是作为一个建筑史学工作者的责任所在。
由于风水之学深奥庞杂，作者才疏学浅，书中不免谬误之处，望读者同仁不吝指正。

作者

目 录
引言·······································

一、“风水术”概说································

　1-1“藏风得水”·································

　1-2风水术沿革··································

　1-3风水理论与流派分布······························

二、风水宝地的立论及其效应····························

　2-1“来龙去脉”·································

　2-2皇陵选址艺术·································

　2-3清东陵的风水·································

三、风水选址与建筑环境······························

　3-1人与环境···································

　3-2古代环境选择实践·······························

　3-3如何考虑地形地质·······························

　3-4如何考虑水文·································

　3-5如何选择土壤结构·······························

　3-6如何考虑气候因素·······························

四、风水罗盘与建筑方位······························

　4-1天文与地磁··································

　4-2罗盘奥妙···································

　4-3传统建筑方位·································

　4-4如何确定建筑朝向·······························

五、“相宅”与现代住宅设计····························

　5-1传统住宅中的风水概念·····························

　5-2住宅的平面设计································

　5-3住宅的剖面设计································

　5-4住宅的采光与照明·······························

　5-5住宅的温度和湿度·······························

　5-6住宅的通风与间距·······························

　5-7住宅的噪声控制································

　5-8建筑辅助房间的设计······························

　5-9建筑气候区划的考虑······························

六、传统建筑用尺与建筑模数····························

　6-1传统营造尺··································

　6-2压白尺法···································

　6-3门光尺····································

　6-4传统建筑模数·································

　6-5现代建筑模数与建筑工业化···························

七、风水图谶观念与心理······························

　7-1建筑祈福装饰·································

　7-2厌胜与辟邪··································

　7-3鹰纬庇荫心理分析·······························

八、风水学评判··································

　8-1精化与糟粕··································

　8-2儒家说风水及扬弃·······························